In a large bowl, mix the minced beef, black pepper, cumin, baking soda, salt, ground red pepper, minced garlic, soaked bread, and egg until well combined.
Shape the mixture into small, even meatballs.
Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat and lightly sear the meatballs on all sides.
Add the tomato sauce, stir to coat, and cook for a few minutes until fragrant. Season with salt, cumin, and red pepper.
Add the cauliflower florets, if using.
Add the pasta and enough hot water to fully cover everything. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat, cover, and simmer until the pasta is tender and the water is mostly absorbed.
Remove from heat and let rest, covered, for a few minutes.
Sprinkle with grated cheddar cheese, garnish with parsley, and serve hot.
Notes
Use ground turkey, chicken, or lamb as a substitute for beef. For a smoother texture, pulse the meatball mixture briefly in a food processor before shaping.